![]() ![]() ![]() Furthermore, M2 macrophages are essential for healthy tissue development and immunological self-tolerance. Dysfunction in M2 macrophages can ruin the healthy interplay between the immune system and metabolic processes, and lead to diseases such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. ![]() M2 macrophages govern functions at the interfaces of immunity, tissue development and turnover, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. M2 macrophages are not simply antagonists of M1 macrophages rather, they represent a network of tissue resident macrophages with roles in tissue development and organ homeostasis. The activation state of macrophages is conceptualized by the so-called M1/M2 model of polarization. Once activated, they may have either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects that include pathogen killing, safe disposal of apoptotic cells or tissue renewal. Summary: Macrophages are core components of the innate immune system. ![]()
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